Tcf362fT131417 STATE LAWS T969389~/wiki
T969389Surveillance Legislation by State
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Strengths, weaknesses, and citations for each law.
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AL
Facial Recognition Match Results; Probable Cause/Arrest (2022)
T969389Ala. Code § 15-10-111 (Act 2022-420) | Facial Recognition
T969389Bars state and local law enforcement from using facial-recognition
T969389match results as the sole basis to establish probable cause or make an
T969389arrest;...
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AR
Automatic License Plate Reader Act (SB446) (2025)
T969389SB446, 2025 Reg. Sess. | ALPR
T969389Regulates ALPR data use and retention: investigative data must be
T969389destroyed if no charges are filed or when a case concludes; state
T969389agencies and...
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AZ
ALPR Data Retention Limits (2016)
T969389ARS 41-1722 | alpr
T969389Limits retention of license plate reader data by law enforcement to
T969389180 days unless connected to an active investigation. Requires
T969389agencies to adopt...
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CA
CCPA / CPRA (2020)
T969389CA Civil Code 1798.100+ | Data privacy
T969389California Consumer Privacy Act (amended by CPRA 2023). Gives
T969389consumers right to know, delete, and opt out of sale of personal data.
T969389Creates...
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Municipal ALPR Ordinances (2020)
T969389Various | ALPR
T969389Multiple CA cities have passed ALPR-specific ordinances requiring
T969389council approval, data retention limits, and annual reporting. San
T969389Francisco,...
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CalECPA (2015)
T969389CA Penal Code 1546-1546.4 | Electronic surveillance
T969389California Electronic Communications Privacy Act. Requires warrant for
T969389all electronic device searches and electronic communications
T969389content....
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CO
AI Governance Act (2024)
T969389SB 24-205 | Algorithmic accountability
T969389Colorado AI governance act. Requires impact assessments for high-risk
T969389AI systems including those used in law enforcement. Transparency
T969389requirements...
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Biometric Data Privacy (Colorado Privacy Act Amendment) (2024)
T969389HB 24-1130 (effective Jul 1, 2025) | Biometric privacy
T969389Amends the Colorado Privacy Act to introduce regulations on
T969389collection, processing, and retention of biometric data. Requires
T969389controllers to provide...
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CT
Police Accountability and Surveillance Oversight (2022)
T969389PA 22-168 | oversight
T969389Requires law enforcement agencies to disclose surveillance technology
T969389use. Establishes oversight framework for new surveillance
T969389acquisitions....
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FL
Florida Body Camera Law (2019)
T969389FS 943.1718 | body_camera
T969389Requires law enforcement agencies using body cameras to establish
T969389policies on activation, storage, and release. Footage is public record
T969389with...
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Freedom from Unwarranted Surveillance Act (2015)
T969389FS 934.50 | drone
T969389Restricts law enforcement drone surveillance. Requires warrant for
T969389drone use except in specific emergencies (imminent danger, terror
T969389threat, missing...
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GA
ALPR Statute (2018)
T969389O.C.G.A. 35-1-22 | ALPR
T969389Georgia ALPR statute. 30-month retention (among longest nationally).
T969389Plate scan data exempt from Open Records Act. Use restricted to law
T969389enforcement...
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IA
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle; Information; Admissibility (2014)
T969389Iowa Code § 808.15 (see § 321.492B) | Drone
T969389Makes drone-obtained information inadmissible in criminal or civil
T969389proceedings unless gathered under a search warrant or otherwise
T969389consistent with...
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ID
Automated License Plate Readers Act (S1180) (2025)
T969389S1180, 2025 (Idaho Code Title 49) | ALPR
T969389Restricts government ALPR use to defined law-enforcement/traffic
T969389purposes, bars personal, political, or unrelated surveillance, and
T969389mandates access...
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Restrictions on Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2013)
T969389Idaho Code § 21-213 | Drone
T969389Bars law enforcement and private parties from using drones to surveil,
T969389gather evidence about, or record specifically targeted persons or
T969389private...
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IL
TRUST Act (2021)
T9693895 ILCS 808 | Immigration/data sharing
T969389Illinois Way Forward Act / TRUST Act. Restricts state and local
T969389cooperation with federal immigration enforcement. Limits sharing of
T969389personal data...
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BIPA (2008)
T969389740 ILCS 14 | Biometric privacy
T969389Biometric Information Privacy Act. Requires informed written consent
T969389before collecting biometric data. Private right of action with
T969389statutory damages...
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FOIA Act (1984)
T9693895 ILCS 140 | Transparency
T969389Illinois Freedom of Information Act. Strong presumption of openness
T969389for government records. Covers all public bodies.
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IN
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Search Warrant (2014)
T969389Ind. Code § 35-33-5-9 | Drone
T969389Requires a warrant before police use a drone to search, surveil, or
T969389photograph/video private property without owner consent. Narrow
T969389exceptions for...
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MA
Police Reform Bill (2020)
T969389S.2963 | Facial recognition
T969389Massachusetts police reform bill includes facial recognition
T969389provisions. Limits use to investigations of serious crimes. Requires
T969389judicial...
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MD
Facial Recognition Technology - Law Enforcement Use (2024)
T969389SB 182 (2024 Regular Session, Chapter 808) | Facial recognition
T969389Signed by Governor Wes Moore on May 26, 2024; effective October 1,
T9693892024. Establishes uniform statewide standards for any state or local
T969389agency using...
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ME
Facial Recognition Moratorium (2021)
T969389LD 1585 / PL 2021 Ch. 478 | facial_recognition
T969389Prohibits Maine government entities from using facial recognition
T969389technology except by law enforcement with court order. Most
T969389restrictive state-level...
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MI
Biometric Information Privacy (2024)
T969389MCLA 445.1723 (proposed framework) | biometric
T969389Michigan has introduced biometric privacy legislation modeled on
T969389Illinois BIPA. Would require informed consent before collecting
T969389biometric data and...
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MN
Government Data Practices Act (1979)
T969389MN Statutes Ch. 13 | data_privacy
T969389Comprehensive government data privacy law. All government data is
T969389public unless classified as private or nonpublic. Surveillance data
T969389collected by...
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MT
Genetic Privacy (2023)
T969389MCA 44-6-110 | Genetic privacy
T969389Montana genetic privacy protections. Restricts law enforcement access
T969389to consumer genetic databases (23andMe, Ancestry) without warrant.
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Privacy and Facial Recognition Technology (SB 397) (2023)
T969389SB 397, 2023 Reg. Sess. | Facial Recognition
T969389Requires a warrant before police request a facial-recognition search
T969389for a serious crime (with an emergency exception), bans continuous
T969389facial...
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NC
Restrictions on Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2014)
T969389N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-300.1 | Drone
T969389Generally prohibits surveillance of persons, occupied
T969389dwellings/curtilage, or private property without consent; law
T969389enforcement may use drones only...
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ND
Surveillance by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2015)
T969389N.D. Cent. Code ch. 29-29.4 | Drone
T969389Requires a warrant with a detailed data-collection statement before
T969389drone searches; mandates documentation of all UAS surveillance
T969389flights, five-year...
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NH
Drone Surveillance Restrictions (2014)
T969389RSA 644-A | drone
T969389Prohibits government use of drones for surveillance without warrant.
T969389One of earliest state drone privacy laws. Evidence obtained in
T969389violation is...
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NJ
Biometric Data Consent Requirement (2025)
T969389New Jersey biometric consent law (early 2025) | Biometric privacy
T969389New Jersey enacted a requirement for explicit consent before biometric
T969389data collection, adding to the growing number of states with biometric
T969389privacy...
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NV
Consumer Health Data Privacy (SB 370) (2023)
T969389SB 370, 2023 (eff. Mar. 31, 2024) | Biometric
T969389A Washington-MHMD-style consumer-health-data law that sweeps in
T969389biometric data — measurements of physiological, biological, or
T969389behavioral...
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Law Enforcement Drone Operation (2015)
T969389NRS 493.112 | Drone
T969389Prohibits law enforcement from operating a drone to gather evidence
T969389within a residence's curtilage or any location with a reasonable
T969389expectation of...
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NY
Tenant Data Privacy Act (2021)
T969389NYC Local Law 2021 | biometric
T969389Restricts use of biometric recognition technology in residential
T969389buildings. Tenants must be notified. Landlords cannot require
T969389biometric access as...
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Public Oversight of Surveillance Technology (POST) Act (2020)
T969389Local Law 65 of 2020 | disclosure
T969389Requires NYPD to publish impact and use policies for all surveillance
T969389technologies including facial recognition, stingrays, and ALPRs.
T969389Public comment...
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OH
Body Camera Requirements (2015)
T969389ORC 2933.83 | body_camera
T969389Establishes body camera requirements for law enforcement. Addresses
T969389recording policies, footage retention, and public access. Officers
T969389must notify...
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OR
Data Broker Registration (HB 2052) (2023)
T969389Or. Rev. Stat. § 646A.593 | Data Broker
T969389Requires data brokers to register with the Department of Consumer and
T969389Business Services before collecting, selling, or licensing brokered
T969389personal...
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Facial Recognition Moratorium (2021)
T969389HB 3283 | Facial recognition
T969389Oregon moratorium on government use of facial recognition in public
T969389spaces. Exemptions for law enforcement with warrant.
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PA
Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance Control Act (1978)
T96938918 Pa.C.S. Ch. 57 | wiretap
T969389Two-party consent required for recording communications. One of
T969389strongest wiretap laws in US. Applies to both in-person and
T969389electronic...
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TN
Law Enforcement Drone Privacy (2013)
T969389TCA 39-13-609 | drone
T969389Restricts law enforcement use of drones for surveillance. Requires
T969389warrant except for emergencies, search and rescue, and crime scene
T969389documentation....
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TX
Data Broker Act (SB 2105) (2023)
T969389Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 509 | Data Broker
T969389Requires data brokers (entities deriving principal revenue from
T969389personal data they did not collect directly) to post an online
T969389data-broker notice,...
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Texas Body Camera Act (2015)
T969389SB 158 / Texas Occ. Code Ch. 1701 | body_camera
T969389Requires all police departments to adopt body camera policies.
T969389Officers must activate cameras during law enforcement encounters.
T969389Footage subject to...
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Texas Drone Privacy Act (2013)
T969389Texas Gov Code Ch. 423 | drone
T969389Prohibits use of drones to capture images of persons or property
T969389without consent. Law enforcement exemptions require warrant or
T969389exigent...
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UT
Government Use of Facial Recognition Technology (Amendment) (2024)
T969389Utah Code Title 77, Chapter 23e | Facial recognition
T969389Utah strengthened its existing facial recognition limits by adding a
T969389warrant requirement for police use, following Montana's 2023
T969389precedent. The...
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Biometric Surveillance Information (SB 231) (2024)
T969389Utah Code § 77-23d-106 | Biometric
T969389Bars government and law enforcement from obtaining biometric
T969389surveillance information — iris, voice, gait, heart-rate analysis —
T969389without a warrant...
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VA
Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) Regulation (2025)
T969389HB 2724 (effective Jul 1, 2025) | ALPR
T969389First Virginia law specifically regulating ALPR use. Data must be
T969389deleted within 30 days unless relevant to ongoing investigation. Use
T969389limited to...
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Data Privacy Act (VCDPA) (2023)
T969389VA Code 59.1-575+ | Data privacy
T969389Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act. Consumer rights to access,
T969389correct, delete personal data. Opt-out rights for targeted advertising
T969389and data...
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VT
Data Broker Registry (2018)
T9693899 V.S.A. Chapter 62 | Data brokers
T969389Vermont data broker registration law. First US state to require data
T969389brokers to register with the state. Annual disclosure of data
T969389collection...
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WA
SB 6002 (ALPR Restrictions) (2026)
T969389SB 6002 | ALPR
T969389Passed WA Senate 40-9 (Jan 2026). Limits ALPR use to specific law
T969389enforcement purposes. Prohibits use for immigration enforcement.
T969389Restricts federal...
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ALPR Restrictions Bill (2026)
T969389SB 6002 (introduced Jan 2026) | ALPR
T969389Passed Washington State Senate 40-9 in January 2026. Limits ALPR use
T969389to specific law enforcement purposes. Prohibits use for immigration
T969389enforcement....
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Public Records Act (1972)
T969389RCW 42.56 | Transparency
T969389Washington Public Records Act. Among strongest public records laws in
T969389US. Court ruled ALPR data is public record under PRA (Nov 2025).
T969389Five...
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WI
Use of Drones Restricted (2014)
T969389Wis. Stat. § 175.55 | Drone
T969389Requires police to obtain a search warrant before using a drone to
T969389collect evidence or surveil where a person has a reasonable
T969389expectation of...
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